electromagnetic flow meter principle

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1 Working principle Distance protection Distance relays use voltages and currents acquired at the relay location to calculate the apparent impedance of the line from relay point to the fault point. The fault point of the impedance line relay station is calculated based on the relay position after the voltage and current used by Jihuixi Electric Appliances. The calcu- lated apparent impedance Z is compared with the set- ting impedance Zset to decide whether the fault is inter- nal or external. The calculation shows that the delayed apparent impedance Z is determined by the same set of impedance Zset, which determines whether there is a signal between faults or external factors. During normal operation, the apparent impedance is generally larger than the Zset. During normal operation, the apparent impedance is generally greater than Zset. If the apparent impedance is less than Zset, then it is concluded that a fault has probably occurred in the protected line. If the apparent impedance is less than Zset, the conclusion drawn is that there may be a fault in the protection line of Tuan Bi Sheng. Under fault conditions, the distance relay energizes the circuits to trip relevant circuit breakers to isolate the faulted line from the rest of the system[8]. Under fault conditions, the remaining parts of the system related to the isolation and disconnection of the circuit breaker from the injection line of the relay circuit [8]. Fig.1 shows the working principle of distance protection. Figure 1 illustrates the working principle of distance protection. The startup element starts protection devices or fault calc

ulating programs when fault occurs in the pro- tected line. When a malfunction occurs in the protective device or fault calculation program of the starting component, it should be done on the personally sensed line. The measuring element, which is the center of distance protection, calculates the line impedance between the fault point and relay point. Measure the element, which is the distance protection of the center, and calculate the fault points and relay points between the line impedances. The time delay element determines different time delays according to the result of the measuring element. The time delay factor determines different time delays based on the measurement results. The output element executes the decision of protection. 2 Configuration of simulation system 2 Configuration of simulation system The dynamic simulation system for distance protec- tion proposed in this paper is designed according to its working principle and elementary configuration. The purpose of this article is to propose a distance protection method for dynamic simulation systems based on their working principles and basic configurations. As shown in Fig.2, the simulation system is composed of electromagnetic transient computing module, PT & CT module, data reading module, U & I display module, startup module, Fourier algorithm module, phase selec- tion module, impedance computing module, impedance comparison module and so on. The simulation system shown in Figure 2 consists of electromagnetic transient calculation module, Indonesia and CT module, data reading module, U&Y display module, startup module, Fourier algorithm module, phase selection method module, impedance calculation module, impedance comparison module, etc. In this

1. Electrical English translation, part of the paper - I dont understand, please ask for help from experts

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